Effects of Lung Volume on Upper Airway Patency During Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy

其他名称：cuirass ventilator、Hayek turtle shell、iron lung

The negative pressure ventilator is an off-the-shelf FDA-approved device designed to treat respiratory patients with hypoventilation syndromes. This ventilator places the torso within a fixed container that is connected to a vacuum source, which inflates the lungs by pulling a negative pressure around the chest and abdomen. After the clinically routine DISE, a negative pressure ventilator will be placed on the participant's chest to increase lung volumes and the DISE evaluation will be repeated to observe changes.

其他名称：MiniBox+

PFT is a routine standardized clinical test evaluating lung function, consisting of two parts: spirometry and body plethysmography. In spirometry, participants breathe through a mouthpiece that measures airflow and volume to determine normal and maximal volume of inspiration/expiration. Body plethysmography is performed to calculate residual lung volumes. Participants enter in an enclosed chamber where they breathe through a mouthpiece. Changes in pressure in the sealed chamber during breathing are used to calculate the volume of air that remains in the lung after expiration. A MiniBox+ device may be used. The MiniBox+ device derives total lung capacity (TLC) during tidal breathing by the analysis of gas pressures and airflows immediately preceding and immediately following airway occlusions to calculate the same measures as conventional PFT analysis.

其他名称：Digitimer DS8R Bipolar Constant Current Stimulator

Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) will be performed transcutaneously using a commercially available and FDA approved peripheral neurostimulator. (Digitimer DS8R Bipolar Constant Current Stimulator). The neurostimulator consists of a stimulation generating box connected to electrodes that will be placed over the skin of the neck bilaterally over both phrenic nerves where an bipolar electric current will be used to stimulate the phrenic nerve leading to diaphragm contraction.

其他名称：Digitimer DS8R Bipolar Constant Current Stimulator、Stimulong Sono II

Under ultrasound guidance, a stimulating catheter (Stimulong Sono II) will be inserted into the right side of the neck and positioned adjacent to the phrenic nerve as it travels along the anterior scalene muscle. The catheter will be connected to a commercially available research neurostimulator. Unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation will be performed for no more than 30 minutes.